Avoid Smoking
“Studies suggest that smoking may alter levels of estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and other hormones, many of which may be involved in the development of PMS,” Dr. Elizabeth Bertone-Johnson told Reuters Health. “Some studies have found that smokers have shorter and more irregular menstrual cycles than non-smokers. Smoking may also lower levels of vitamin D in the body, which also may increase a woman’s risk of developing PMS…”
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